In 2008 she passed away from lung cancer. She was an educator at several universities before her retirement in 1999. In all, her 17 books include volumes of poetry, essays, and works for younger readers. In 1990 she received an American Book Award for editing Spider Woman’s Granddaughters: Short Stories by American Indian Writers. In this work Allen also came out as a lesbian, though she would later redefine herself as a “serial bisexual” concerned more with the type of person than their physical gender. Allen argued that many Native tribes were “gynocentric” – with woman making principal decisions – while others stressed a balance between male and female rather than domination. Three years later her influential book, The Sacred Hoop: Recovering the Feminine in American Indian Traditions, explored the importance of women in traditional Native culture and how that had been subverted by colonization. In 1983 she published Studies in American Indian Literature: Critical Essays and Course Designs, a primary text for the study of Native American literature. Her 1983 novel, The Woman Who Owned the Shadows, reflected her upbringing as a mixed-blood struggling with creative expression. In 1978 she received a NEA creative writing fellowship, followed two years later by a postdoctoral fellowship to study at UCLA. in American Studies with a concentration in Native American Literature. After receiving her BA and MFA degrees from the University of Oregon, Allen returned to New Mexico to receive her Ph.D. Daughter of a Lebanese-American father and a Laguna-Sioux-Scottish mother, Allen was raised in New Mexico on the Laguna Pueblo where she was deeply influenced by matriarchal Pueblo culture. You can't be right, self-righteous, and truthful at the same time.”Īt a time when academia still denied the existence of Native American literature, Paula Gunn Allen recognized its importance and dedicated her career to proving its merit.

Truth, inwardly accepted, humbling truth, makes one vulnerable. It requires acknowledgment of responsibility for the nature and quality of each of our own lives, our own inner lives as well as the life of the world. It rips apart smugness, arrogance, superiority, and self-importance. It shatters the binding shroud of culture trance. “Truth, acceptance of the truth, is a shattering experience.

Off the Reservation by Paula Gunn Allen